Emergence of antibiotic resistance put an end to the antibiotic miracle. According to recent review data, the number of cases of multiresistant bacteria, which are resistant to all antibiotics available, is increasing as well in the developed countries as in the developing countries. To face the emergence of these bacteria, it is necessary to evaluate the situation in Tunisian hospitals and act consequently. This review provide recent data on antibiotic resistance in Gram negative bacilli in Tunisian hospitals by focusing on some emergent resistances, which represent a daily challenge for the medical profession, such as extended spectrum beta-lactamases, carbapenem resistance, and fluoroquinolone resistance.