With a lifetime prevalence of approximately 17% anxiety disorders are among the most common mental disorders worldwide. The disease progression can take a chronic course leading to a considerable impairment of the affected person. The current medical classification list (ICD-10) by the World Health Organization differentiates between agoraphobia, social phobia, specific phobia, panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. The etiology is multicausal comprising an interaction of genetic and psychosocial factors. For treatment, psychotherapy, psychopharmacological treatment and a combination of both methods are eligible. Anxiety disorders are often associated with physical illness either as the causative factor or the consequence. In particular, anxiety has been identified as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Anxiety disorders associated with somatic diseases are often unrecognized, therefore an optimization of diagnostic and treatment strategies is necessary.