Domain-domain interactions in full-length p53 and a specific DNA complex probed by methyl NMR spectroscopy

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Sep 25;109(39):15752-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1214176109. Epub 2012 Sep 12.

Abstract

The tumor suppressor p53 is a homotetramer of 4 × 393 residues. Its core domain and tetramerization domain are linked and flanked by intrinsically disordered sequences, which hinder its full structural characterization. There is an outstanding problem of the state of the tetramerization domain. Structural studies on the isolated tetramerization domain show it is in a folded tetrameric conformation, but there are conflicting models from electron microscopy of the full-length protein, one of which proposes that the domain is not tetramerically folded and the tetrameric protein is stabilized by interactions between the N and C termini. Here, we present methyl-transverse relaxation optimized NMR spectroscopy (methyl-TROSY) investigations on the full-length and separate domains of the protein with its methionine residues enriched with (13)C to probe its quaternary structure. We obtained high-quality spectra of both the full-length tetrameric p53 and its DNA complex, observing the environment at 11 specific methyl sites. The tetramerization domain was as tetramerically folded in the full-length constructs as in the isolated domain. The N and C termini were intrinsically disordered in both the full-length protein and its complex with a 20-residue specific DNA sequence. Additionally, we detected in the interface of the core (DNA-binding) and N-terminal parts of the protein a slow conformational exchange process that was modulated by specific recognition of DNA, indicating allosteric processes.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Allosteric Regulation
  • DNA / chemistry*
  • DNA / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
  • Protein Folding*
  • Protein Structure, Quaternary
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / chemistry*
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / metabolism

Substances

  • TP53 protein, human
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
  • DNA