Abstract
Fatigue is the most common and debilitating symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS) and is believed to be distinctly different from fatigue seen in other chronic conditions. It can affect a patient's mood, sleep and have a detrimental effect on their quality of life. In the recent years much literature has emerged in an attempt to elucidate the potential causes and treatment of this common symptom. This review article aims to examine the most recent theories on the pathophysiology of fatigue in MS as well as its association with sleep and depression. We describe the pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches to its treatment and propose a multidisciplinary, patient enabled and individualised manner to the management of fatigue in MS.
Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
MeSH terms
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Amantadine / therapeutic use
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Atrophy
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Benzhydryl Compounds / therapeutic use
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Brain / pathology
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Brain / physiopathology
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Clinical Trials as Topic
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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
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Combined Modality Therapy
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Cytokines / physiology
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Depression / etiology
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Depression / physiopathology
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Diffuse Axonal Injury / etiology
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Diffuse Axonal Injury / pathology
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Double-Blind Method
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Exercise Therapy
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Fatigue / drug therapy
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Fatigue / etiology*
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Fatigue / physiopathology
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Fatigue / prevention & control
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Fatigue / psychology
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Fatigue / therapy
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Humans
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Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / physiopathology
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Immunologic Factors / therapeutic use
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Modafinil
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Multiple Sclerosis / complications
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Multiple Sclerosis / drug therapy
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Multiple Sclerosis / physiopathology*
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Multiple Sclerosis / psychology
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Pemoline / therapeutic use
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Pituitary-Adrenal System / physiopathology
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Quality of Life
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Single-Blind Method
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Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic / etiology
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Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic / physiopathology
Substances
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Benzhydryl Compounds
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Cytokines
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Immunologic Factors
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Pemoline
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Amantadine
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Modafinil