Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) is a dominantly inherited autoinflammatory syndrome that is characterized by recurrent episodes of fever attacks associated with rashes, abdominal pain, myalgia, conjunctivitis, chest pain, and arthralgia. Some patients have severe abdominal pain leading to abdominal surgery. Most reported cases of TRAPS involve patients of European ancestry, but there have been nine reports of patients with TRAPS in Japan. Here, we review these nine case reports. Reported TNFRSF1A gene mutations in these nine index patients were C70S, T61I, C70G, C30Y, C30R, N101K, and N25D. Fever (100 %) was seen in all 23 cases. Most patients developed rash (erythema) (84.6 %) and arthralgia (73.3 %), and half suffered from myalgia (54.5 %) and abdominal pain (50.0 %). Although one-half of the patients suffered from abdominal pain, none underwent surgery. In contrast, only a small percentage of patients suffered from chest pain (20.0 %), conjunctivitis (20.0 %), and headache (10.0 %). Almost all cases (95.7 %) concerned patients whose relatives suffered from periodic fever. These findings suggest that the clinical features of Japanese TRAPS patients may be milder than those of patients in Western countries.