Increasing evidence suggests that high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) while being also related to micronutrient deficiencies. As part of a project on the double burden of under- and overnutrition in sub-Saharan Africa, we assessed the relationship between hs-CRP and both CMRF and micronutrient deficiencies in a population-based cross-sectional study carried out in the Northern district of Ouagadougou, the capital city of Burkina Faso. We randomly selected 330 households stratified by income tertile. In each income stratum, 110 individuals aged 25-60 years and having lived in Ouagadougou for at least 6 months were randomly selected, and underwent anthropometric measurements and blood sample collection. The prevalence of high hs-CRP was 39.4 %, with no sex difference. Vitamin A-deficient subjects (12.7 %) exhibited significant risk of elevated hs-CRP (OR 2.5; P= 0.015). Serum ferritin was positively correlated with log hs-CRP (r 0.194; P= 0.002). The risk of elevated hs-CRP was significant in subjects with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m² (OR 6.9; 95 % CI 3.6, 13.3), abdominal obesity (OR 4.6; 95 % CI 2.2, 7.3) and high body fat (OR 10.2; 95 % CI 5.1, 20.3) (P< 0.001, respectively). Independent predictors of hs-CRP in linear regression models were waist circumference (β = 0.306; P= 0.018) and serum TAG (β = 0.158; P= 0.027). In this sub-Saharan population, hs-CRP was consistently associated with adiposity. Assuming that plasma hs-CRP reflects future risk of cardiovascular events, intervention which reduces CRP, or chronic and acute nutrition conditions associated with it, could be effective in preventing their occurrence particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.