The consequences of neurologic injuries related to transverse myelitis (TM) are long-lasting and require rehabilitative interventions in about two-thirds of cases. Because numerous neural repair mechanisms are dependent on maintenance of an optimal amount of activity both above and below the injury level, rehabilitation and exercise are useful not only for compensatory functional purposes but also as tools in neural system restoration. The application of established neurophysiologic principles to post-TM rehabilitation has substantial impact on optimizing residual functional capabilities while facilitating the processes of central plasticity and reorganization of sensory and motor programming. The process of neurorehabilitation thereby serves both to treat the patient with TM and to help physicians interrogate and dissect the mechanisms involved in spinal cord injury, neuroprotection, and, ultimately, recovery. Post-TM rehabilitation is lifelong and should be integrated into daily living in a home setting as part of the global management of paralysis, a chronic condition with significant comorbidities.