Abstract
Opioid consumption is associated with a wide range of side effects. Potential interference of opioids with bone and joint activity has emerged in the last few years. Opioids increase the risk of fracture, especially in elderly patients. Moreover, opioids interfere with the endocrine system, and their chronic use is a recognized risk factor for osteoporosis. Pathogenetic mechanisms at the basis of the interference of opioids with bones and joints are analysed in this review.
MeSH terms
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Analgesics, Opioid / adverse effects*
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Animals
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Bone Density / drug effects
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Bone Remodeling / drug effects
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Bone and Bones / drug effects*
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Bone and Bones / metabolism
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Bone and Bones / pathology
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Fractures, Bone / chemically induced*
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Fractures, Bone / metabolism
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Fractures, Bone / pathology
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Humans
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Joints / drug effects*
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Joints / metabolism
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Joints / pathology
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Osteoporosis / chemically induced*
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Osteoporosis / metabolism
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Osteoporosis / pathology
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Pain / drug therapy*
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Risk Factors