Our objective was to explore whether positive human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNAemia at baseline impaired CD4+ T-cell increase after 1 year of HAART. A sub-study of a randomized clinical trial in selected patients with <200 cell/mm CD4+ at baseline was conducted. Six out of 30 patients had detectable HCMV DNAemia at baseline, all reaching HCMV suppression at week 52 after HAART (only 1 of them was treated with valgancyclovir). No significant differences were found between patients with detectable or undetectable HCMV DNAemia in terms of CD4+ T-cell increase and HIV RNA response to HAART. Although some data may favor HCVM pre-emptive therapy to decrease immune activation, our results do not indicate that this practice may increase CD4+ T-cell count after HAART. At the same time, HAART proved effective in reducing HCMV DNAemia without the need for a specific therapy.