The hydrolysis of H(2)TaF(7) when it slowly forms via etching Ta powders with HF and H(2)O(2) under hydrothermal conditions produces hierarchical nanostructures of fluorinated and naked Ta(2)O(5) single-crystalline nanorods, which exhibit a far greater photocatalytic activity for H(2) production than commercial Ta(2)O(5) particles.