Aim: Bare metal stents have improved results of endovascular treatment of aortoiliac occlusive disease. Polytetrafluoroethylene covered stents may further improve patency rates by preventing tissue ingrowth, and might reduce complications. This study was conducted to assess possible assets or liabilities of covered stents used for aortoiliac occlusive disease and to conduct a comparison with bare metal stents.
Methods: A review was performed of literature published until March 2012 for infrarenal aortic lesions, iliac lesions and complex aortoiliac lesions. Outcomes were technical success, patency rates, clinical success and complication rates. Results were addressed to the three anatomic regions: the infrarenal aorta, the aortoiliac bifurcation and iliac arteries.
Results: A total of 51 articles were included in the study. Overall technical success varied between 73% and 100%. Randomized data have proven the superiority of covered stents in extensive iliac occlusive lesions. Case series of patients with iliac occlusive disease demonstrated a 1-year primary patency of bare metal stents between 76% and 100% with a 5-year primary patency rate of 63%-83%. One-year primary patency of covered stents varied between 70% and 100%, while no long term patency rates with covered stents have been reported so far. Reliable comparisons between groups cannot be made due to variances in patient and lesion characteristics. Covered stents seem to improve results of kissing stents and are related to excellent results in isolated aortic lesions. No difference in complication rate between bare metal and covered stents have been described, to date.
Conclusion: Covered stents improve results of endovascular treatment of extensive iliac occlusive lesions and are related to excellent results in isolated aortic lesions. They may provide a valid alternative for surgery in patients with extensive aortoiliac disease.