Synthesis and evaluation of a new series of tri-, di-, and mono-N-alkylcarbamylphloroglucinols as bulky inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase

Chem Res Toxicol. 2012 Jul 16;25(7):1462-71. doi: 10.1021/tx300119a. Epub 2012 Jun 25.

Abstract

1,3,5-Tri-N-alkylcarbamylphloroglucinols (1-4) are synthesized as a new series of bulky inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase that may block the catalytic triad, the anionic substrate binding site, and the entrance of the enzyme simultaneously. Among three series of phloroglucinol-derived carbamates, tridentate inhibitors 1,3,5-tri-N-alkylcarbamylphloroglucinols (1-4), bidentate inhibitors 3,5-di-N-n-alkylcarbamyloxyphenols (5-8), and monodentate inhibitors 5-N-n-alkylcarbamyloxyresorcinols (9-12), tridentate inhibitors 1-4 are the most potent inhibitors of mouse acetylcholinesterase. When different n-alkylcarbamyl substituents in tridentate inhibitors 1-4 are compared, n-octylcarbamate 1 is the most potent inhibitor of the enzyme. All inhibitors 1-12 are characterized as the pseudo substrate inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase. Thus, tridentate inhibitors 1-4 are supposed to be hydrolyzed to bidentate inhibitors 5-8 after the enzyme catalysis. Subsequently, bidentate inhibitors 5-8 and monodentate inhibitors 9-12 are supposed to yield monodentate inhibitors 9-12 and phloroglucinol, respectively, after the enzyme catalysis. This means that tridentate inhibitors 1-4 may act as long period inhibitors of the enzyme. Therefore, inhibitors 1-4 may be considered as a new methodology to develop the long-acting drug for Alzheimer's disease. Automated dockings of inhibitor 1 into the X-ray crystal structure of acetylcholinesterase suggest that the most suitable configuration of inhibitor 1 to the enzyme binding is the (1,3,5)- (cis,trans,trans)-tricarbamate rotamer. The cis-carbamyl moiety of this rotamer does not bind into the acetyl group binding site of the enzyme but stretches out itself to the entrance. The other two trans-carbmayl moieties of this rotamer bulkily block the tryptophan 86 residue of the enzyme.

Publication types

  • Evaluation Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Acetylcholinesterase / chemistry*
  • Acetylcholinesterase / metabolism
  • Animals
  • Binding Sites
  • Biocatalysis
  • Carbamates / chemistry
  • Cholinesterase Inhibitors / chemical synthesis*
  • Cholinesterase Inhibitors / chemistry
  • Cholinesterase Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Crystallography, X-Ray
  • Isomerism
  • Mice
  • Phloroglucinol / chemical synthesis
  • Phloroglucinol / chemistry*
  • Phloroglucinol / pharmacology
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary

Substances

  • Carbamates
  • Cholinesterase Inhibitors
  • Phloroglucinol
  • Acetylcholinesterase