IFN-γ elicits macrophage autophagy via the p38 MAPK signaling pathway

J Immunol. 2012 Jul 15;189(2):813-8. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102041. Epub 2012 Jun 6.

Abstract

Autophagy is a major innate immune defense pathway in both plants and animals. In mammals, this cascade can be elicited by cytokines (IFN-γ) or pattern recognition receptors (TLRs and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors). Many signaling components in TLR- and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor-induced autophagy are now known; however, those involved in activating autophagy via IFN-γ remain to be elucidated. In this study, we engineered macrophages encoding a tandem fluorescently tagged LC3b (tfLC3) autophagosome reporter along with stably integrated short hairpin RNAs to demonstrate IFN-γ-induced autophagy required JAK 1/2, PI3K, and p38 MAPK but not STAT1. Moreover, the autophagy-related guanosine triphosphatase Irgm1 proved dispensable in both stable tfLC3-expressing RAW 264.7 and tfLC3-transduced Irgm1(-/-) primary macrophages, revealing a novel p38 MAPK-dependent, STAT1-independent autophagy pathway that bypasses Irgm1. These unexpected findings have implications for understanding how IFN-γ-induced autophagy is mobilized within macrophages for inflammation and host defense.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Autophagy / genetics
  • Autophagy / immunology*
  • Bone Marrow Cells / cytology
  • Bone Marrow Cells / enzymology
  • Bone Marrow Cells / immunology
  • Cell Line
  • GTP-Binding Proteins / deficiency
  • GTP-Binding Proteins / physiology
  • Genes, Reporter / immunology
  • Interferon-gamma / physiology*
  • MAP Kinase Signaling System / immunology*
  • Macrophages / cytology*
  • Macrophages / enzymology
  • Macrophages / immunology*
  • Mice
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Phagosomes / enzymology
  • Phagosomes / immunology
  • Phagosomes / metabolism
  • STAT1 Transcription Factor / deficiency
  • STAT1 Transcription Factor / physiology
  • p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / physiology*

Substances

  • Ifi1 protein, mouse
  • STAT1 Transcription Factor
  • Stat1 protein, mouse
  • Interferon-gamma
  • p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
  • GTP-Binding Proteins