When and how is job embeddedness predictive of turnover? a meta-analytic investigation

J Appl Psychol. 2012 Sep;97(5):1077-96. doi: 10.1037/a0028610. Epub 2012 Jun 4.

Abstract

The present meta-analytic study introduces an overall model of the relationships between job embeddedness and turnover outcomes. Drawing on 65 independent samples (N = 42,907), we found that on-the-job and off-the-job embeddedness negatively related to turnover intentions and actual turnover, after controlling for job satisfaction, affective commitment, and job alternatives. In addition, the negative relationships between on-the-job embeddedness (off-the-job embeddedness) and turnover criteria were stronger in female-dominated samples and public organizations (collectivistic countries). Finally, turnover intentions, job search behavior, and job performance fully (partially) mediated the effect of on-the-job embeddedness (off-the-job embeddedness) on actual turnover. The research and practical implications of our findings are noted, in light of study limitations and future research needs.

Publication types

  • Meta-Analysis

MeSH terms

  • Career Mobility*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Models, Theoretical*
  • Organizations
  • Personnel Loyalty*
  • Personnel Turnover*
  • Workplace