Background: Compared to their non-diabetic peers, diabetic patients who undergo coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) face greater complications and poorer outcomes. Identifying related risk factors is essential to improving post-CABG outcomes in this vulnerable population. Improving self-efficacy and compliance can further improve patient outcomes over the long term.
Purpose: This study compared differences in self-efficacy predictors and compliance between diabetic and non-diabetic patients who received coronary artery bypass surgery.
Method: We used a cross-sectional design with convenience sampling. A total of 350 patients were recruited from two medical centers and one teaching hospital. Instruments used included a demographics questionnaire, chronic disease self-efficacy questionnaire and compliance scale. SPSS 17.0 for Windows was used to analyze data.
Results: Results found self-efficacy positively associated with compliance in both groups. The non-diabetic group had higher self-efficacy and lower compliance than the diabetic group. In the diabetic group, gender, compliance, education, employment status and marital status were all predictors of self-efficacy, with self-efficacy the single predictor of compliance. In the non-diabetic group, compliance, primary care provider, education, time since surgery, gender and exercise were predictors of self-efficacy. Self-efficacy, primary care provider, employee status prior surgery were all predictors of compliance.
Conclusions: Results provide valuable information regarding the impact of diabetes on CABG patient outcomes and differences in predictors of self-efficacy and compliance between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Healthcare providers can promote healthy behavior and enhance quality of life by providing patient support tailored to their characteristics and considering the factors associated with better self-efficacy vs. compliance.