Therapeutic options to decrease actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma incidence and progression in solid organ transplant recipients: a practical approach

Dermatol Surg. 2012 Oct;38(10):1604-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2012.02452.x. Epub 2012 May 30.

Abstract

Background: Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) have a 50 to 250 times greater risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) than the general population and experience higher rates of invasive and metastatic disease. These greater risks are a product of the tumorigenic effects of their immunosuppressive medications. As the number of transplantations and the life expectancy of SOTRs increase, SCCs are becoming a major source of morbidity and mortality.

Objective: To present a practical approach for busy practicing clinicians to the care of SOTRs who are developing SCCs. Topics include assessment and treatment of new and neglected SOTRs; the dermatologist's role with the transplantation team; and practical considerations in the choice of topical agents, systemic agents, and immunosuppressive therapy manipulation.

Methods and materials: An extensive literature search of the understanding of SCC pathophysiology and treatment in SOTRs was conducted.

Results: Presented here is a logical, concise guide to the care of SOTRs who are developing actinic keratoses and SCCs.

Conclusion: Proper assessment of patients, understanding therapeutic alternatives and their application, and early institution of preventative and adjuvant therapies can help to decrease skin cancer-related morbidity and mortality in SOTRs.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / etiology
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / prevention & control
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy*
  • Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
  • Humans
  • Immunosuppressive Agents / adverse effects*
  • Keratosis, Actinic / etiology
  • Keratosis, Actinic / prevention & control
  • Keratosis, Actinic / therapy*
  • Organ Transplantation / adverse effects*
  • Patient Care Team
  • Photochemotherapy
  • Skin Neoplasms / etiology
  • Skin Neoplasms / prevention & control
  • Skin Neoplasms / therapy*

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Immunosuppressive Agents