Synergistic induction of cancer cell migration regulated by Gβγ and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase

Exp Mol Med. 2012 Aug 31;44(8):483-91. doi: 10.3858/emm.2012.44.8.055.

Abstract

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is essential for both G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)- and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-mediated cancer cell migration. Here, we have shown that maximum migration is achieved by full activation of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Rac exchanger 1 (P-Rex1) in the presence of Gβγ and PI3K signaling pathways. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)- induced migration was higher than that of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced migration; however, LPA-induced activation of Akt was lower than that stimulated by EGF. LPA-induced migration was partially blocked by either Gβγ or RTK inhibitor and completely blocked by both inhibitors. LPA-induced migration was synergistically increased in the presence of EGF and vice versa. In correlation with these results, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-induced migration was also synergistically induced in the presence of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Finally, silencing of P-Rex1 abolished the synergism in migration as well as in Rac activation. Moreover, synergistic activation of MMP-2 and cancer cell invasion was attenuated by silencing of P-Rex1. Given these results, we suggest that P-Rex1 requires both Gβγ and PI3K signaling pathways for synergistic activation of Rac, thereby inducing maximum cancer cell migration and invasion.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Movement* / drug effects
  • Enzyme Activation / drug effects
  • GTP-Binding Protein beta Subunits / metabolism*
  • GTP-Binding Protein gamma Subunits / metabolism*
  • Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Lysophospholipids / pharmacology
  • Neoplasms / enzymology
  • Neoplasms / metabolism*
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / metabolism*
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / metabolism
  • Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / metabolism
  • Signal Transduction

Substances

  • G-protein Beta gamma
  • GTP-Binding Protein beta Subunits
  • GTP-Binding Protein gamma Subunits
  • Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors
  • Lysophospholipids
  • Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
  • lysophosphatidic acid