The effect of in vitro digestion on steryl ferulates from rice (Oryza sativa L.) and other grains

J Agric Food Chem. 2012 Jun 20;60(24):6123-30. doi: 10.1021/jf300781a. Epub 2012 Jun 11.

Abstract

Polished and cargo rice, wild rice, rice bran, corn bran, and wheat bran were subjected to a static in vitro digestion model, to monitor changes in their steryl ferulate content and composition. Free sterols, possible hydrolysis products of steryl ferulates, were also measured. Additionally, steryl ferulate bioaccessibility was calculated as the percentage of steryl ferulates liberated from the grain matrix into the digestive juice. Steryl ferulate content ranged between 6.1 and 3900 μg/g and decreased by 1-63% due to digestion. A parallel increase in free sterols of more than 70% was observed in all samples. Additionally, bioaccessibility of steryl ferulates was found to be almost negligible. These findings suggest that intestinal enzymes immediately hydrolyze steryl ferulates, which are liberated from the grain matrix, and thus they are practically unavailable for absorption in the small intestine. This further indicates that the hydrolysis products of steryl ferulates could be bioactive in the gut.

MeSH terms

  • Biological Availability
  • Coumaric Acids / analysis
  • Coumaric Acids / metabolism*
  • Coumaric Acids / pharmacokinetics
  • Dietary Fiber / analysis
  • Digestion*
  • Hydrolysis
  • In Vitro Techniques
  • Intestinal Absorption
  • Oryza / chemistry*
  • Phytosterols / analysis
  • Phytosterols / metabolism*
  • Phytosterols / pharmacokinetics
  • Seeds / chemistry
  • Zea mays / chemistry

Substances

  • Coumaric Acids
  • Dietary Fiber
  • Phytosterols
  • cycloartenyl ferulate
  • ferulic acid