We discuss here the complexity of the doses of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions and herbs from different viewpoints, including the heterogeneity of drug quality, the flexibility of prescriptions, and the diversity of drug effects. Then, the corresponding research ideas and strategies are proposed. We can reveal the actual situation of clinical doses based on in-depth "real-world study" of the safety and effectiveness of TCM prescriptions, create an analytical method for dose-effect relationships in accordance with the features of TCM, and reveal the correlated regular nature of the effectiveness and dosage of TCM prescriptions and herbs.