Proteases hydrolyze peptide bonds, thereby controlling the function of proteins and peptides on the posttranslational level. In the cardiovascular system, proteases play pivotal roles in the regulation of blood pressure, coagulation and other essential physiological processes. Accordingly, proteases are prime targets for therapeutic interventions and diagnostics. Proteases are part of complex proteolytic networks comprised of enzymes, inhibitors, activators, substrates and cleavage products. Analyzing these networks on a system-wide level is essential to understanding cardiovascular function and how dysregulation can lead to pathological conditions. Mass spectrometry-based quantitative and dynamic proteomics approaches are leading the way to enhance our knowledge of proteolytic networks such as the renin-angiotensin-system. Here, we critically review proteomics tools utilized in protease biology and provide an overview on how these methods can be used to characterize and validate protease function.