Historically, food fortification has served as a tool to address population-wide nutrient deficiencies such as rickets by vitamin D fortified milk. This article discusses the different policy strategies to be used today. Mandatory or voluntary fortification and fortified foods, which the consumer needs, also have to comply with nutritional, regulatory, food safety and technical issues. The 'worldwide map of vitamin fortification' is analysed, including differences between develop and developing countries. The vitamins, folate and vitamin D, are taken as practical examples in the review of the beneficial effect of different strategies on public health. The importance of the risk-benefit aspect, as well as how to identify the risk groups, and the food vehicles for fortification is discussed.
Keywords: deficiencies; folic acid; food fortification; policies; vitamin D.