Preoperative X-ray computerized tomography (CT) was performed in 60 patients with carcinoma of the esophagus at the All-Union Oncology Research Centre, USSR AMS in 1986-1989. The method is evaluated on the basis of comparison with the operative findings in determining the depth of invasion of the esophageal wall and adjoining structures by the tumor, metastatic involvement of the lymph nodes below the diaphragm, and metastases in the liver. Informativeness of X-ray CT proved to be highest in patients in whom the tumor had not spread beyond the esophageal wall. It was established that the method possesses high resolving possibilities in identification of enlarged lymph nodes in the abdominal cavity. Small metastases in the liver, measuring 0.5 to 2 cm in diameter, cannot be revealed by the method in some cases. The data gained by means of X-ray CT allows tactics of the surgical intervention to be determined and the late-term results to be predicted.