This annual report overviewed the national endemic status of schistosomiasis japonica in People's Republic of China in 2010. By the end of 2010, a total of 325 824 cases of schistosomiasis japonica were estimated with a decrease rate of 10.92% compared to those in 2009. A total of 43 acute cases were reported, decreased by 44.16% compared to those in 2009. A total of 25 115 advanced cases were treated in 2010, increased by 3.43% compared to that in 2009. About 373 596.18 hm2 of areas infested with Oncomelania snail were found in 2010, and about 1 081.80 hm2 newly detected areas were reported. A total of 1 476 606 cattle were raised in schistosomiasis transmission regions in 2010. The infection rate of cattle infected with Schistosoma japonicum was 1.04% in 2010, with a little increase comparing to that in 2009 (1.03%).