Preterm birth (delivery at fewer than 37 weeks’ gestation) is the most common cause of infant morbidity and mortality among nonanomalous infants in the United States. Increasing evidence has focused on associations between clinical infection, inflammation, and preterm birth. Maternal periodontal disease, which is associated with systemic inflammation, has been associated with preterm birth. Intervention trails for treatment of periodontal disease during pregnancy, however have not consistently shown a reduction in preterm birth rates. Despite the lack of reduction in preterm birth, oral health maintenance is an important part of preventive care and should be supported during pregnancy.