The oculo-auriculo-fronto-nasal syndrome (OAFNS) - description of a rare and complex craniofacial deformity and its interdisciplinary management before school age

Abstract

Craniofacial clefts are certainly among the most challenging congenital malformations with respect to functional, aesthetic and psychosocial consequences. The aetiology is still under discussion, recent molecular genetic findings suggest defects in the ciliary function of neural crest cells during facial development. The severity of craniofacial clefting is known to be extremely variable. Different classifications have been proposed however nomenclature is not uniform. If vertical, median craniofacial clefting of fronto-naso-maxillary structures is accompanied by auriculo-mandibular malformations the term oculo-auriculo-fronto-nasal syndrome (OAFNS) has been proposed. Extreme craniofacial abnormalities have to be expected in this rare disorder. Adequate correction is a surgical challenge and interventions have to be adapted individually to patient's needs with respect to general condition, age and growth. This case report describes both the underlying pathology as well as the interdisciplinary management of a female patient from birth to 6 years of age affected by this rare combination of vertical craniofacial clefting and bilateral auriculo-mandibular dysplasia.