To date, rheological treatment is the only chance to control the advanced dry form of age-related macular degeneration and arrest its progression to legal blindness. Rheohaemapheresis can change the main rheological parameters, blood and plasma viscosity, as well as change erythrocyte aggregability, improve erythrocyte flexibility and lead to substantial improvement when other methods of therapy fail. In this study, we describe changes in the levels of rheological efficacy indicators after rheohaemapheresis and their clinical significance in the dry form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Seventy-two patients with AMD were randomised; 34 controls, and 38 patients were treated with rheohaemapheresis (separator Cobe Spectra + Evaflux filter). After the procedures, α2-macroglobulin levels decreased by approximately 58%, fibrinogen by approximately 65%, IgM by approximately 67%, LDL cholesterol by approximately 71%, apolipoprotein B by approximately 65%, and lipoprotein (a) by approximately 42%. These decreases correspond with a decrease in blood and plasma viscosity (14/12%), clinical improvement (arrest of disease progression, even visual improvement in some cases), and heretofore-unreported improvement (even reattachment) of drusen retinal pigment epithelium detachment. Our modification of rheohaemapheresis is safe (5.4% of patients experienced clinically insignificant side effects).