Aimed to explore the purification effect of constructed wetland on phytoplankton community structure, an investigation was conducted on the species composition, biomass, and community diversity of phytoplankton in the water body of Shijiuyang constructed drinking water source wetland of Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province of East China in winter, 2010. A total of 77 phytoplankton species were identified, belonging to 39 genera of 7 phyla. The main phylum was Bacillariophyta, with 33 species of 14 genera. The dominant species were Melosira varians, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Nitzschia sp., Chroococcus sp., Dactylococcopsis rhaphidioides, Scendesmus quadricauda, and Tribonema bombycium, among which, C. meneghiniana had the highest dominance (0.144). The phytoplankton density in winter was averagely 1.28 x 10(6) cell x L(-1), with the minimum (6.80 x 10(5) cell x L(-1)) in the water outlet, and the density of Cyanophyta in the water outlet was significantly lower than that in the water inlet (P < 0.05), only occupying 14.9% of the latter. The Shannon index of the phytoplankton community at the sampling sites ranged from 0.94 to 1.27. According to the cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling (MDS), the phytoplankton community was classified into five phytoplankton community groups, i.e., root-channels littoral community, root-channels flow community (2 styles), highly purified area community, and headwater region community. Diverse ecological environment and water flow velocity at the sampling sites were found to be the main contributors to the formation of the five phytoplankton community groups.