Purpose: The aim of this study was providing descriptive information and the comparative examination of job strain and mental health of nurses and physicians in different intensive care units (ICU).
Methods: The Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire by Siegrist and standardized psychometric questionnaires, like Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Impact of Event Scale, Brief Symptom Inventory, Social Support Questionnaire, and Life Satisfaction Questionnaire were used. Five ICUs of the same German medical school were included (N = 142).
Results: For all ICUs investigated, a significantly lower mental health and a high effort-reward imbalance were found when compared with other samples. Only a few differences between the wards or both professional groups (nurses vs. physicians) were noted. The values for social support were comparable with those of healthy controls but differed between the wards. The life satisfaction in our cohort was lower compared to a population-based sample but was significant different between the wards.
Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the high job strain in an ICU, largely independent of the professional group. Noteworthy, a high effort-reward imbalance was found that stands in positive relation to adverse health effects (anxiety, depression, and general mental health). As a consequence, necessary interventions like stress management, supervision, and communication trainings should consider ward-specific conditions of employment rather than professional affiliation. After these interventions, a follow-up study will be performed to examine beneficial effects on job strain and health.