Abstract
Endonuclease cleavage was one of the first identified mechanisms of mRNA decay but until recently it was thought to play a minor role to the better-known processes of deadenylation, decapping, and exonuclease-catalyzed decay. Most of the early examples of endonuclease decay came from studies of a particular mRNA whose turnover changed in response to hormone, cytokine, developmental, or nutritional stimuli. Only a few of these examples of endonuclease-mediated mRNA decay progressed to the point where the enzyme responsible for the initiating event was identified and studied in detail. The discovery of microRNAs and RISC-catalyzed endonuclease cleavage followed by the identification of PIN (pilT N-terminal) domains that impart endonuclease activity to a number of the proteins involved in mRNA decay has led to a resurgence of interest in endonuclease-mediated mRNA decay. PIN domains show no substrate selectivity and their involvement in a number of decay pathways highlights a recurring theme that the context in which an endonuclease function is a primary factor in determining whether any given mRNA will be targeted for decay by this or the default exonuclease-mediated decay processes.
Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Review
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Apolipoproteins / genetics
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Carrier Proteins / genetics
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Carrier Proteins / metabolism
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 / genetics
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DNA Helicases
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DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase / genetics
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DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase / metabolism
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Endonucleases / genetics
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Endonucleases / metabolism*
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Endoribonucleases / genetics
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Endoribonucleases / metabolism
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Female
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Homeodomain Proteins / genetics
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Humans
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Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / genetics
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Interleukin-8 / genetics
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Lipoproteins, VLDL / genetics
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Male
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Mice
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Models, Biological
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Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins
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Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / genetics
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Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / metabolism
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RNA Helicases
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RNA Recognition Motif Proteins
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RNA Stability / genetics
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RNA Stability / physiology*
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RNA, Messenger / genetics
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RNA, Messenger / metabolism*
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Receptors, Transferrin / genetics
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Ribonucleases / genetics
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Ribonucleases / metabolism
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Telomerase / genetics
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Telomerase / metabolism
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alpha-Globins / genetics
Substances
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Apolipoproteins
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Carrier Proteins
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Homeodomain Proteins
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Interleukin-8
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Lipoproteins, VLDL
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Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins
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RNA Recognition Motif Proteins
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RNA, Messenger
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Receptors, Transferrin
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alpha-Globins
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apolipoprotein VLDL II
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27
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Insulin-Like Growth Factor II
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Ern1 protein, mouse
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Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
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Telomerase
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Endonucleases
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Endoribonucleases
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Ribonucleases
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SMG6 protein, human
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Zc3h12a protein, mouse
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polysomal RNase 1
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DNA Helicases
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G3bp1 protein, mouse
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RNA Helicases
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DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase