The non-motor syndrome of primary dystonia: clinical and pathophysiological implications

Brain. 2012 Jun;135(Pt 6):1668-81. doi: 10.1093/brain/awr224. Epub 2011 Sep 20.

Abstract

Dystonia is typically considered a movement disorder characterized by motor manifestations, primarily involuntary muscle contractions causing twisting movements and abnormal postures. However, growing evidence indicates an important non-motor component to primary dystonia, including abnormalities in sensory and perceptual functions, as well as neuropsychiatric, cognitive and sleep domains. Here, we review this evidence and discuss its clinical and pathophysiological implications.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Cognition Disorders / diagnosis
  • Cognition Disorders / etiology*
  • Dystonic Disorders / complications*
  • Humans
  • Perceptual Disorders / diagnosis
  • Perceptual Disorders / etiology*
  • Sensation Disorders / diagnosis
  • Sensation Disorders / etiology*
  • Sleep Wake Disorders / diagnosis
  • Sleep Wake Disorders / etiology*