Abstract
Kakadu plum (Terminalia ferdinandiana Exell, Combretaceae) and Illawarra plum (Podocarpus elatus Endl., Podocarpaceae) extracts were fractionated, using a bioassay-guided approach and screened for antioxidant activity [oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assays] and antiinflammatory activity (nitrite concentration and prostaglandin E(2) release in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated murine macrophages). Among 8 fractions obtained from KP and 5 fractions obtained from IP, fraction KPF5 from KP exhibited superior activity in all assays, with an ORAC value of 3,776 ± 603 μmol Trolox/g DW and a CAA value of 52.2 ± 8.6 μmol quercetin equivalents/g DW. In addition, KPF5 further demonstrated an upregulation of the Nrf2/Keap1 ratio in Hep G2 cells. KPF5 also inhibited the expression of COX-2 and iNOS in LPS-activated murine macrophages, potentially through the NF-κB, p44/42 mitogen activated protein kinase and Akt pathways. KPF5 also induced apoptosis and DNA damage in HT-29 cells, as determined by the cytokinesis block micronucleus cytome assay.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents / pharmacology*
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Anticarcinogenic Agents
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Antioxidants / pharmacology*
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Apoptosis / drug effects
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Blotting, Western
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Cell Line
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Cyclooxygenase 2 / genetics
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Cyclooxygenase 2 / metabolism
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Dinoprostone / metabolism
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HT29 Cells
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Hep G2 Cells
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Humans
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Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / genetics
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Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / metabolism
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Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1
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Lipopolysaccharides / metabolism
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Macrophages / drug effects
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Mice
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / genetics
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / metabolism
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NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / genetics
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NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / metabolism
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NF-kappa B / metabolism
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Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / genetics
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Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / metabolism
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Nitrites / analysis
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Plant Extracts / pharmacology*
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Polyphenols / pharmacology*
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / genetics
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / metabolism
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Prunus / chemistry*
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Quercetin / pharmacology
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Signal Transduction
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Up-Regulation
Substances
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents
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Anticarcinogenic Agents
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Antioxidants
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Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
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KEAP1 protein, human
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Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1
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Lipopolysaccharides
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NF-E2-Related Factor 2
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NF-kappa B
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NFE2L2 protein, human
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Nitrites
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Plant Extracts
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Polyphenols
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Quercetin
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Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
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Nos2 protein, mouse
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Ptgs2 protein, mouse
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Cyclooxygenase 2
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3
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Dinoprostone