Regulation of SNAIL1 and E-cadherin function by DNMT1 in a DNA methylation-independent context

Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Nov;39(21):9194-205. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkr658. Epub 2011 Aug 16.

Abstract

Mammalian DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) is essential for maintaining DNA methylation patterns after cell division. Disruption of DNMT1 catalytic activity results in whole genome cytosine demethylation of CpG dinucleotides, promoting severe dysfunctions in somatic cells and during embryonic development. While these observations indicate that DNMT1-dependent DNA methylation is required for proper cell function, the possibility that DNMT1 has a role independent of its catalytic activity is a matter of controversy. Here, we provide evidence that DNMT1 can support cell functions that do not require the C-terminal catalytic domain. We report that PCNA and DMAP1 domains in the N-terminal region of DNMT1 are sufficient to modulate E-cadherin expression in the absence of noticeable changes in DNA methylation patterns in the gene promoters involved. Changes in E-cadherin expression are directly associated with regulation of β-catenin-dependent transcription. Present evidence suggests that the DNMT1 acts on E-cadherin expression through its direct interaction with the E-cadherin transcriptional repressor SNAIL1.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Active Transport, Cell Nucleus
  • Cadherins / genetics*
  • Cadherins / metabolism
  • Cell Adhesion
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Nucleus / metabolism
  • DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1
  • DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases / chemistry
  • DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases / genetics
  • DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases / metabolism*
  • DNA Methylation
  • Down-Regulation
  • Humans
  • Promoter Regions, Genetic
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary
  • RNA, Messenger / metabolism
  • Sequence Deletion
  • Snail Family Transcription Factors
  • Transcription Factors / genetics
  • Transcription Factors / metabolism*
  • Transcription, Genetic
  • beta Catenin / metabolism

Substances

  • Cadherins
  • RNA, Messenger
  • SNAI1 protein, human
  • Snail Family Transcription Factors
  • Transcription Factors
  • beta Catenin
  • DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1
  • DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases
  • DNMT1 protein, human