The use of the psychostimulants in psychiatry is reviewed. A brief historical perspective on dextroamphetamine is presented, and a brief review of the psychopharmacology of dextroamphetamine, methylphenidate and magnesium pemoline is given. The literature on the use of stimulants in the treatment of resistant depression, apathetic geriatric patients and patients medically ill with a secondary depression is summarized and two case histories given to illustrate the clinical usefulness of the stimulants. The literature on the use of stimulants as an adjunct to antidepressant therapy and as a diagnostic test is also discussed. Finally the use of stimulants in obsessional illness and adult attention deficit disorder is summarized. The writer concludes by commenting that the stimulants have a very useful role in the treatment of certain categories of depression as well as other psychiatric syndromes and such patients should not be deprived of symptom relief by these drugs. The approach to therapy should be much the same as the use of analgesics for chronic pain sufferers.