[Treatment of iron deficiency in predialysis state by low molecular weight iron dextran high doses intravenously]

Abstract

Anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in predialysis stage. Iron deficiency is more common than in normal patients and plays a key role in the genesis of anemia. Its correction avoids the use of erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESA) or reduces their dosage. Treatment with oral iron is often poorly tolerated and ineffective, necessitating the use of intravenous iron. New forms of injectable iron allow the use of high doses and correct iron deficiency in a single administration with consequent preservation of venous capital and lower costs. We studied the effectiveness of iron dextran of low molecular weight (LMWID) in high doses to correct iron deficiency and treat anemia in predialysis CKD patients. Twenty-nine doses of 500 to 1600 mg were administered to 25 patients followed for CKD (GFR between 60 and 10 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)), selected on biological criteria of iron deficiency defined by a ratio of transferrin saturation (TSAT) <20% and/or serum ferritin of less than 100 μg/L. Patients received treatment by ESA in 16 cases out of 29. One month after treatment, hemoglobin (Hb) increased significantly (11.4±1.6 vs 10.4±1.4 g/dL, P=0.0003) along with a significant increase in TSAT (21.3±7.3 vs 13.3±3.8%, P=0.000003) and serum ferritin (286±253 vs 91±60 μg/L, P=0.00005). Six patients had a serum ferritin greater than 500 μg/L after treatment, which may put them at risk of iron overload. Their serum ferritin was higher than the rest of the population before treatment, while the TSAT was no different, reflecting a functional deficiency. Their hemoglobin did not increase after treatment in contrast to the rest of the population suggesting the unavailability of iron for erythropoiesis with accumulation in the reticuloendothelial system. Renal function did not change significantly and there were no cases of acute renal failure. No immediate side effect was observed. Three patients presented delayed reactions to such self-limiting myalgia and arthralgia. No venous inflammatory reaction was noted. The administration of high doses of LMWID is effective in treating anemia of CKD in the predialysis stage with a satisfactory tolerance, without affecting kidney function and helps preserve the venous capital. It should be reserved for patients whose serum ferritin is less than or equal to 150 μg/L.