Coordinated movements prevent jamming in an Emperor penguin huddle

PLoS One. 2011;6(6):e20260. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020260. Epub 2011 Jun 1.

Abstract

For Emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri), huddling is the key to survival during the Antarctic winter. Penguins in a huddle are packed so tightly that individual movements become impossible, reminiscent of a jamming transition in compacted colloids. It is crucial, however, that the huddle structure is continuously reorganized to give each penguin a chance to spend sufficient time inside the huddle, compared with time spent on the periphery. Here we show that Emperor penguins move collectively in a highly coordinated manner to ensure mobility while at the same time keeping the huddle packed. Every 30-60 seconds, all penguins make small steps that travel as a wave through the entire huddle. Over time, these small movements lead to large-scale reorganization of the huddle. Our data show that the dynamics of penguin huddling is governed by intermittency and approach to kinetic arrest in striking analogy with inert non-equilibrium systems, including soft glasses and colloids.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Behavior, Animal*
  • Models, Chemical
  • Movement*
  • Spheniscidae / physiology*
  • Time Factors