Abstract
Efavirenz, used in treating pediatric human immunodeficiency virus infection, has central nervous system side effects. We report on a 5-year-old girl with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection, presenting with new onset absence seizures after starting treatment with efavirenz. Plasma efavirenz values were above therapeutic range. The child was homozygous for the CYP2B6-516T/T genotype, which is associated with poor efavirenz clearance. Seizures abated after efavirenz discontinuation.
Publication types
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Case Reports
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
MeSH terms
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Alkynes
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Anti-HIV Agents / adverse effects*
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Anti-HIV Agents / blood
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Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / deficiency
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Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / genetics*
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Benzoxazines / adverse effects*
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Benzoxazines / blood
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Child, Preschool
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Cyclopropanes
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Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6
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Epilepsy, Absence / blood
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Epilepsy, Absence / chemically induced
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Epilepsy, Absence / genetics*
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Epilepsy, Absence / physiopathology
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Epilepsy, Absence / virology
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Female
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Genetic Predisposition to Disease
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Genotype
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HIV / drug effects
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HIV / physiology*
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HIV Infections / blood
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HIV Infections / drug therapy
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HIV Infections / genetics*
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HIV Infections / physiopathology
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HIV Infections / virology
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Homozygote
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Humans
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Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating / deficiency
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Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating / genetics*
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Polymorphism, Genetic
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South Africa
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Viral Load / drug effects
Substances
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Alkynes
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Anti-HIV Agents
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Benzoxazines
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Cyclopropanes
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Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases
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CYP2B6 protein, human
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Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6
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Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating
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efavirenz