Bioproduction of hydrolytic enzymes using apple pomace waste by A. niger: applications in biocontrol formulations and hydrolysis of chitin/chitosan

Bioprocess Biosyst Eng. 2011 Oct;34(8):1017-26. doi: 10.1007/s00449-011-0552-9. Epub 2011 Jun 1.

Abstract

Studies were carried out for β-glucosidase production using apple pomace (AP) in solid-state fermentation using 2(4) factorial design and response surface methodology. The influence of four independent variables including initial moisture level and inducers [veratryl alcohol (VA), lactose (LAC) and copper sulfate (CS)] was studied. The experimental design showed that initial moisture level had significant negative effect on the response. Higher β-glucosidase activity of 64.18 IU/gram fermented substrate (gfs) was achieved in solid-state tray fermentation with optimum conditions having initial moisture level 55% (v/w), pH 4.5, 2 mM/kg VA, 2% (w/w) LAC and 1.5 mM/kg CS concentration, respectively,. The non-specific chitinase 70.28 ± 6.34 IU/gfs and chitosanase activities 60.18 ± 6.82 to 64.20 ± 7.12 IU/gfs were observed. The study demonstrated that AP can be potentially used for the β-glucosidase production by Aspergillus niger. Moreover, β-glucosidase can be used for the hydrolysis of chitin/chitosan to depolymerized products and in the formulation of biocontrol agents for enhanced entomotoxicity levels.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aspergillus niger / enzymology*
  • Aspergillus niger / metabolism
  • Benzyl Alcohols / chemistry
  • Benzyl Alcohols / metabolism
  • Biological Control Agents
  • Chitin / metabolism*
  • Chitinases / biosynthesis
  • Chitinases / metabolism
  • Chitosan / metabolism*
  • Copper Sulfate / chemistry
  • Copper Sulfate / metabolism
  • Fermentation
  • Glycoside Hydrolases / biosynthesis
  • Glycoside Hydrolases / metabolism
  • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
  • Hydrolysis
  • Lactose / chemistry
  • Lactose / metabolism
  • Malus / enzymology*
  • Malus / metabolism
  • Water / chemistry
  • Water / metabolism
  • beta-Glucosidase / biosynthesis*
  • beta-Glucosidase / metabolism*

Substances

  • Benzyl Alcohols
  • Biological Control Agents
  • Water
  • Chitin
  • Chitosan
  • Glycoside Hydrolases
  • chitosanase
  • Chitinases
  • beta-Glucosidase
  • Lactose
  • Copper Sulfate
  • veratryl alcohol