We propose an approach to derive the thermal lattice Boltzmann method that is based on the Taylor expansion in variables of temperature as well as velocity and a direct calculation upon the Gaussian quadrature based hypothesis. This enables us to overcome the isothermal limitation and the low-order accuracy simultaneously. A systematic framework is explained for constructing numerically stable lattice Boltzmann models. The stability of this one-dimensional lattice Boltzmann model is demonstrated with a shock tube simulation.