Experimental evidence for violation of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem in a superspin glass

Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Apr 15;106(15):150603. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.150603. Epub 2011 Apr 14.

Abstract

We present the experimental observation of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem violation in an assembly of interacting magnetic nanoparticles in the low temperature superspin-glass phase. The magnetic noise is measured with a two-dimension electron gas Hall probe and compared to the out of phase ac susceptibility of the same ferrofluid. For "intermediate" aging times of the order of 1 h, the ratio of the effective temperature T(eff) to the bath temperature T grows from 1 to 6.5 when T is lowered from T(g) to 0.3 T(g), regardless of the noise frequency. These values are comparable to those measured in an atomic spin glass as well as those calculated for a Heisenberg spin glass.