Higher-tier assessment of the potential for groundwater issues due to the use of 1,3-D soil fumigant; evaluation of the active ingredient, metabolites and potentially related chlorinated compounds

Pest Manag Sci. 2011 Nov;67(11):1439-45. doi: 10.1002/ps.2193. Epub 2011 May 12.

Abstract

Background: 1,3-Dichloropropene (1,3-D, CAS No. 542-75-6) is a broad-spectrum soil fumigant used to control numerous species of soilborne plant-parasitic nematodes. 1,3-D consists of two isomers, (Z)- and (E)-1,3-D. There are a number of low-level chlorinated compounds that could potentially be produced as a part of the 1,3-D manufacturing process. 1,3-D and its metabolites, as well as potentially related chlorinated compounds, represent potential groundwater contaminants.

Results: This study has investigated the hydrolytic stability, under biotic and abiotic conditions in the laboratory, of an extensive representative list of 1,3-D and potentially related chlorinated compounds in order to predict their environmental fate. All of these compounds showed intrinsic hydrolytic instability under both abiotic and biotic test conditions. Furthermore, a monitoring programme was carried out. Twenty-five wells were monitored in five Italian regions characterised by historical and existing use of 1,3-D. The parent compound, its two major metabolites and potentially related chlorinated compounds were not detected in the well water at > 0.1 µg L(-1) at any sampling location.

Conclusion: The soil fumigant (E,Z)-1,3-D, its metabolites and potentially related chlorinated compounds constitute a low risk to groundwater.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Validation Study

MeSH terms

  • Allyl Compounds / analysis*
  • Allyl Compounds / chemistry
  • Allyl Compounds / metabolism
  • Environmental Monitoring / methods*
  • Groundwater / analysis*
  • Groundwater / chemistry
  • Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / analysis*
  • Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / chemistry
  • Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / metabolism
  • Italy
  • Pesticides / analysis*
  • Pesticides / chemistry
  • Pesticides / metabolism
  • Soil Pollutants / analysis
  • Soil Pollutants / chemistry
  • Soil Pollutants / metabolism
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical / analysis*
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical / chemistry
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical / metabolism

Substances

  • Allyl Compounds
  • Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated
  • Pesticides
  • Soil Pollutants
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical
  • 1,3-dichloro-1-propene