Objectives: To characterize the opioid prescribing and monitoring practices of providers for chronic nonmalignant pain (CNP) and subacute postoperative pain (SAPOP) in adolescents.
Design: Web-based cross-sectional self-report survey.
Setting: Free-standing pediatric tertiary academic center.
Participants: A total of 183 physicians and nurse practitioners were eligible. Of 115 (62.8 percent) participants who responded, 108 (93.9 percent) completed the survey.
Main outcome measures: Self-reported frequency of opioid prescription for SAPOP and CNP conditions and frequency of associated monitoring practices.
Results: For 10 of the 13 pain conditions included, some participants endorsed "monthly or more opioid prescriptions" while others endorsed "opioids do not represent appropriate management." Opioid prescribing is present for almost all pain conditions but is substantially more common for nonacute vaso-occlusive-related sickle cell disease, scoliosis correction, and video-assisted pectus excavatum-related pains. When compared with the reference group, CNP with no identifiable pathology, the odds ratio (OR) of an opioid being prescribed for CNP states with identifiable pathology was not significantly higher. The OR for SAPOP was significantly higher (p < 0.0001). None of the opioid prescribers reported collecting urine toxicology before or during opioid therapy.
Conclusions: This survey identifies a diversity of self-reported clinician opioid prescribing practices for adolescents with CNP and SAPOP. Urine collection for drug toxicology screening is not utilized by opioid prescribers. Surveys of similar clinician practice behaviors at other institutions are warranted to replicate this finding and to establish common clinicalpractice for usage and monitoring of opioids in conditions where guidelines do not yet exist.