The circumstances that in the opinion of the authors influence the lower than expected uptake of the vaccine against human papillomavirus in Spain are analyzed. Among others, aspects related to doubts about efficacy and safety, the attitude of the Spanish health authorities or the role of media and the antivaccine groups, as well as the vaccination "culture" of the gynecologist, are discussed. The authors conclude that only with the coordinated effort of all involved bodies in the vaccination process (health authorities, scientific societies, social agents, media...) wide coverage of HPV vaccine will be achieved.