Effect of renal sympathetic denervation on glucose metabolism in patients with resistant hypertension: a pilot study

Circulation. 2011 May 10;123(18):1940-6. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.991869. Epub 2011 Apr 25.

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is associated with impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. Chronic activation of the sympathetic nervous system may contribute to either condition. We investigated the effect of catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation on glucose metabolism and blood pressure control in patients with resistant hypertension.

Methods and results: We enrolled 50 patients with therapy-resistant hypertension. Thirty-seven patients underwent bilateral catheter-based renal denervation, and 13 patients were assigned to a control group. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures, fasting glucose, insulin, C peptide, hemoglobin A(1c), calculated insulin sensitivity (homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance), and glucose levels during oral glucose tolerance test were measured before and 1 and 3 months after treatment. Mean office blood pressure at baseline was 178/96±3/2 mm Hg. At 1 and 3 months, office blood pressure was reduced by -28/-10 mm Hg (P<0.001) and -32/-12 mm Hg (P<0.001), respectively, in the treatment group, without changes in concurrent antihypertensive treatment. Three months after renal denervation, fasting glucose was reduced from 118±3.4 to 108±3.8 mg/dL (P=0.039). Insulin levels were decreased from 20.8±3.0 to 9.3±2.5 μIU/mL (P=0.006) and C-peptide levels from 5.3±0.6 to 3.0±0.9 ng/mL (P=0.002). After 3 months, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance decreased from 6.0±0.9 to 2.4±0.8 (P=0.001). Additionally, mean 2-hour glucose levels during oral glucose tolerance test were reduced significantly by 27 mg/dL (P=0.012). There were no significant changes in blood pressure or metabolic markers in the control group.

Conclusions: Renal denervation improves glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in addition to a significantly reducing blood pressure. However, this improvement appeared to be unrelated to changes in drug treatment. This novel procedure may therefore provide protection in patients with resistant hypertension and metabolic disorders at high cardiovascular risk.

Clinical trial registration: URL: http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov. Unique identifiers: NCT00664638 and NCT00888433.

Publication types

  • Controlled Clinical Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Antihypertensive Agents / therapeutic use
  • Blood Glucose / metabolism*
  • Blood Pressure / physiology
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / drug therapy
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / metabolism
  • Drug Resistance
  • Female
  • Glucose Intolerance / drug therapy
  • Glucose Intolerance / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Hypertension, Renal / drug therapy
  • Hypertension, Renal / metabolism*
  • Hypertension, Renal / surgery*
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / therapeutic use
  • Insulin Resistance
  • Kidney / innervation*
  • Kidney / metabolism
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Pilot Projects
  • Sympathectomy / methods*
  • Sympathetic Nervous System / metabolism
  • Sympathetic Nervous System / surgery
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Antihypertensive Agents
  • Blood Glucose
  • Hypoglycemic Agents

Associated data

  • ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT00664638
  • ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT00888433