The Japanese mealybug, Planococcus kraunhiae, is suitable as a model insect for biosynthetic studies on mealybug pigments. Four yellow pigments, including two novel ones, were isolated from the mealybug bodies and characterized as endocrocin, a dicarboxylic acid named fujikonaic acid (1), emodin 1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and 7-hydroxyemodin 1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2). The enzymatic activity of emodin 1-O-glucosyltransferase was observed in the extracts of insect bodies.