As atherosclerosis is still one of the major causes of death in Western populations, it is important to identify those individuals who are at increased risk for the disease so that aggressive treatment may be administered as early as possible. Following the understanding that oxidative stress has a pivotal role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, many polymorphisms in genes that are related to redox systems were examined for their association with increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although many polymorphisms were studied, only a handful showed consistent relevance to CVD in different trials. This article focuses on six of these polymorphisms, examining their effect on the risk for CVD as well as their effect on protein expression and function. Reports regarding pharmacogenetic implications of these polymorphisms, where such exist, are discussed as well.