[Prevalence and clinical features of congenital melanocytic nevi in 1,000 Spanish newborns]

Abstract

Background: Congenital melanocytic nevus is a benign proliferation of melanocytes that is present at birth or develops in the first months of life. Although such lesions are common, few studies have analyzed their prevalence in Spain.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to define the prevalence and most frequent anatomical areas affected by congenital melanocytic nevi in our health service area. We also analyzed the influence of maternal and neonatal factors in the development of these lesions.

Patients and methods: We performed a prospective study of 1000 consecutive neonates seen in the first 72hours of life in the perinatology clinic of the Pediatrics Department of Hospital Arquitecto Marcide in Ferrol, Spain, recording specific maternal and neonatal variables and the size and site of congenital melanocytic nevi if present.

Results: Fourteen infants (10 girls and 4 boys; 12 white European, 2 North African; 1.4% of the study population) presented at least 1 melanocytic nevus. None had more than 1 lesion. Eight of the nevi were located on the trunk, 2 on the face, 2 on the upper limbs, and 2 on the lower limbs. The diameter of the lesions was less than 1.5 cm in half of cases and between 1.5 and 3.5 cm in the remainder.

Conclusions: There was a higher prevalence of congenital melanocytic nevi in preterm infants, females, and nonwhite infants. Maternal age, number of previous pregnancies, and birth weight do not appear to influence the prevalence of these lesions.