Calcium absorption in very low birth weight infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the effects of early bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) on calcium (Ca) metabolism and growth in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.

Study design: A dual-tracer, stable isotope method was used to assess Ca absorption in VLBW infants. Infants with early BPD received energy-dense feedings and mild fluid restriction.

Results: Sixteen of 41 preterm infants were classified as having early BPD. Fractional Ca absorption (early BPD, 58.4 ± 4.6% versus no early BPD, 50.3 ± 4.0%, P = .2), total Ca absorption (early BPD, 127 ± 14 mg/kg/d versus no early BPD, 104 ± 9 mg/kg/d, P = .9), and Ca retention (early BPD, 99.6 ± 10.0 mg/kg/d versus no early BPD, 91.0 ± 9.8 mg/kg/d, P = .2) were similar among groups. There was no significant difference in weight gain, linear growth, or head circumference growth between groups.

Conclusions: The ability of VLBW infants with early BPD and fluid restriction to grow and accrete calcium is similar to those without early BPD. The use of high caloric density feedings in VLBW infants with early BPD can help achieve bone and overall growth outcomes close to those achievable in utero.