Manufactured nanomaterials are the most important substances for the nanotechnology. The nanomaterials possess different physico-chemical properties from bulk materials. The new properties may lead to biologically beneficial effects and/or adverse effects. However, there are no standardized evaluation methods at present. Some domestic research projects and international OECD programs are ongoing, in order to share the health impact information of nanomaterials or to standardize the evaluation methods. From 2005, our institutes have been conducting the research on the establishment of health risk assessment methodology of manufactured nanomaterials. In the course of the research project, we revealed that the nanomaterials were competent to cause chronic effects, by analyzing the intraperitoneal administration studies and carcinogenic promotion studies. These studies suggested that even aggregated nanomaterials were crumbled into nanosized particles inside the body during the long-term, and the particles were transferred to other organs. Also investigations of the toxicokinetic properties of nanomaterials after exposure are important to predict the chronically targeted tissues. The long lasting particles/fibers in the particular tissues may cause chronic adverse effects. Therefore, focusing on the toxicological characterization of chronic effects was considered to be most appropriate approach for establishing the risk assessment methods of nanomaterials.