Uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC) is a recently recognized histologic variant of endometrial carcinoma with an aggressive clinical course. This study reviews 7 patients with the diagnosis of UPSC treated at the National Kokura Hospital between 1987 and 1989. The mean age was 60 years. Clinically, 4 patients presented as Stage I, one as Stage II, one as Stage III, and one as Stage IV. Surgery upstaged 28.7% (2/7) of these patients. All 7 patients underwent a staging laparotomy followed by chemotherapy. Deep myometrial invasion was found in 5/7 (72%) of the specimens. Four of these 5 specimens demonstrated up to the uterine serosa. Lymph nodal involvement was observed in 1/4 (25%) of the specimens. Furthermore, positive peritoneal washings were obtained in 4/7 (57%) of the specimens. All patients received an adjuvant combination chemotherapy with cisplatin 50 mg/m2 on day 1, adriamycin 50 mg/m2 on day 1, and ifosfamide 1.0 g/m2 on day 1 to day 5 (PAI). Recurrence and relapse of the disease developed in the 2 patients within 6 months. Two patients had a negative second look operation with no evidence of disease (NED) at 18 months after the initial treatment. Serial determination of the serum CA125 was seen to have great value in monitoring treatment in 4 patients. However, additional accrual and follow-up are needed to determine whether or not PAI therapy has an impact on this disease.