Prostate cancer remains by far the most common malignant disease in male patients. Despite this fact, research in prostate cancer was limited for many years. Radical prostatectomy or external beam radiation for local treatment and androgen deprivation for advanced and metastatic treatment were perceived to be the only options. Over recent years however, knowledge about the disease has rapidly risen in many fields including epidemiology, prophylaxis, screening and treatment of localised and advanced disease. At the same time, obviously many new questions have arisen. The treatment of prostate cancer is currently undergoing great changes. This article summarises current treatment concepts and treatment possibilities for the near future.